Some have suggested the virus may have evolved to become more easily transmissible, but so far genetic sequencing does not support this hypothesis. “Monkeypox is not a sexually transmitted infection in the typical sense, but it can be transmitted during sexual and intimate contact,” Dr John Brooks, an epidemiologist with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said during a 23 May media briefing.Įxperts historically thought monkeypox was not easily transmitted between humans, and it is unclear why it is now spreading more extensively. Monkeypox is generally not considered a sexually transmitted infection, and it is not known whether it can be transmitted through semen during intercourse. More news from Western and Central Europe Health officials say monkeypox can be transmitted via respiratory droplets at close range, but the virus does not appear to spread through the air over longer distances in the same way as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The virus can also spread via clothes or linens that have been in contact with fluid from sores. Close contact may involve household members and health care workers. The monkeypox virus is transmitted through close personal contact, including skin-to-skin contact and kissing. The virus has an incubation period of up to three weeks, and the illness typically lasts two to four weeks.
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In the current outbreak, several cases initially presented with a genital rash, and some did not report other symptoms.
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The sores can be flat, raised or pus-filled, and may resemble other conditions such as herpes, syphilis or chickenpox. The rash can appear on the face, genitals, palms, soles of the feet and elsewhere on the body.
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Less severe than smallpox, monkeypox typically causes flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, fatigue, muscle aches), swollen lymph nodes and a rash. In HIV, optimal viral suppression is measured as the reduction of viral load (HIV RNA) to undetectable levels and is the goal of antiretroviral therapy. Halting of the function or replication of a virus. This means only older people have vaccine-induced immunity. Smallpox vaccination prevents monkeypox as well, and monkeypox cases have been rising over the past few decades since routine smallpox vaccination was discontinued WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated worldwide in 1980. The current outbreak is the largest ever seen outside of Africa. Although primarily seen in Central and West Africa, isolated cases are occasionally reported in Europe and elsewhere, often involving travellers. Despite its name, it is most commonly associated with rodents. Monkeypox, which is related to smallpox, is not a new disease. Many of the men reported recent international travel. Several cases are reportedly linked to a sauna in Spain and a fetish festival in Belgium. Many of the affected men identify as gay or bisexual or sought care at sexual health clinics. Among the Global.health cases with a known sex and age, all but three are young or middle-aged men. An informal tally by Global.health, compiled from various sources, listed more than 300 confirmed or suspected cases worldwide as of 25 May.Ĭases so far have “mainly but not exclusively been identified amongst men who have sex with men,” according to WHO. After the UK, the most cases have been reported in Spain and Portugal, with smaller numbers in several other European countries, Canada, the United States and Australia.
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The latest WHO update on 21 May listed 92 confirmed and 28 suspected cases. As of 23 May, UKHSA has reported 70 confirmed cases in England and one in Scotland. This was soon followed by two additional cases who share a household and four cases among gay and bisexual men, all of whom appear to have contracted the virus locally. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported the first case in the current outbreak on 7 May in a man who had recently travelled to Nigeria, where monkeypox is endemic. While most cases so far are among gay and bisexual men, health officials emphasise that anyone can contract the virus through close personal contact. The World Health Organization (WHO) has now confirmed nearly 100 cases of monkeypox in over a dozen countries, with the largest number in the UK.